Thursday, 7 March 2019

CORPORATE UPDATES 07.03.2019





COMPANIES (INCORPORATION) 2ND AMENDMENT RULE 2019

In exercise of the powers conferred by sub-sections (1) and (2) of section 469 of the Companies Act, 2013 (18 of 2013), the Central Government hereby makes the following rules further to amend the Companies (Incorporation) Rules, 2014, namely: -

1. (l) These rules may be called the Companies (Incorporation) Second Amendment Rules,2019
(2) Save as otherwise provided in the notification, this notification shall come into force from the date of publication.

2. In the Companies (Incorporation) Rules, 2014 (hereinafter referred to as the said rules),

I) in clause (a), sub-rule (5) of rule 30, ( Shifting of Registered Office ) (a)  advertisement in Form INC 26 for the words with the widest circulation, the words with wide circulation shall be substituted
II) in the second proviso to sub-rule (2) of rule (38), ROC Fees for e-FORM INC 32 (SPICe Form) for incorporation of Company with Authorised Capital for the words equal to rupees ten lakhs the words equal to rupees fifteen lakhs shall be substituted with effect from 18.03.2019.
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NIRAV MODI FIRMS’ INDEPENDENT DIRECTORS FAILED AS MENTORS, SAYS SFIO

The Special Fraud Investigation Office (SFIO) has claimed that the three independent directors” — Suresh Senapati, Gautam Mukkavilli and Sanjay Rishi — of Nirav Modi’s flagship company, Firestar International, failed in their duty as mentors and risk mitigators for the firm’s shareholders. SFIO in its status report on role of independent directors of the flagship companies of the absconding diamond trader, which was submitted to the ministry of corporate affairs (MCA) last year, accused these directors of turning a blind eye to the misgivings and manipulations of Modi. SFIO has come down heavily on them. It said these directors with their qualifications and experience had enough information to gauge that operations of Firestar were mired with camouflaged and non-disclosed related party transactions with overseas entities who were a mere front of Modi, the report. All the three directors with Firestar International have a background in finance and management with proven credentials. They were brought in to give credibility and as a precursor to the planned initial public offering, the report said. The independent directors accepted the management responses on the same without any objections or proposing any remedial measures which raises a stink. SFIO report states that the independent directors failed in their role, duties and responsibilities under the Companies Act, 2013 of being a watchdog, mentor, risk mitigator and overseer for the various stakeholders. They turned a blind eye to the manipulations of Modi in Firestar International’s operations. This is in violation their roles.
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RBI CIRCULAR HAS ONE-SIZE-FITS-ALL APPROACH, POWER FIRMS TELL SC

The Reserve Bank of India’s (RBI’s) February 12, 2018 circular asking banks to move insolvency petitions against large non-performing assets (NPAs) that have not been resolved, is based on a 'one-size-fits-all' approach without taking into consideration factors such as the reasons for non-payment, power companies told the Supreme Court on Wednesday. There is no distinction between the kinds of debtors, the reasons for non-payment of the debt or consideration for external factors influencing the sector, Abhishek Manu Singhvi, appearing for one of the power companies told the court. The discretionary power of banks to decide whether an account would turn non-performing asset (NPA) or not had also been taken away by the RBI owing to the circular, he said. A two-judge Bench of Justice Rohinton Fali Nariman and Justice Vineet Saran is hearing a bunch of petitions moved by power, sugar, and shipping companies challenging the RBI's circular. Essar Power, GMR Energy, KSK Energy, and Rattan India Power, as well as The Association of Power Producers (APP) and Independent Power Producers Association of India, had in August moved the top court after the Allahabad High Court had rejected their plea. Citing that in their case, the supply side as well as the demand side was under the watchful eyes of regulators, the power companies on Wednesday said that the sector should have been exempted from the RBI’s diktat. On the supply side, there is a shortage of coal. How do I get coal? And if I get coal, whether I will get linkages or not is another question. On the demand side, I cannot increase my tariff. Even if I approach the regulator to seek permission to do the same, it would take at least 2-3 years, the counsel appearing for one of the power companies told the court. Even within the power sector, there was a huge difference between the condition of public and private companies as the dues of the latter was not cleared on time by states and power distribution companies (discom) on time, he said. The apex court is scheduled to resume hearing the companies on Thursday. It is hearing these petitions by dividing them into three categories. There are some companies that have challenged the validity of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code. The second group of companies have challenged the constitutional validity of the circular, and the third group, which consists mostly of power companies, have sought temporary relief from the circular only for themselves.
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SC DECISION PUTS BANKS AT RISK OF ADDING $25 BN TO POWER SECTOR NPAS

A year after the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) tightened the screws on companies delaying debt payments the nation’s Supreme Court is poised to begin hearing arguments on whether the regulator’s diktat applies across industries. Hanging in the balance is the fate of more than $25 billion of loans to power producers They are among parties contesting the RBI directive that forced lenders to recognise loans as soured if dues are delayed even by a day and to approach bankruptcy courts if a restructuring isn’t agreed to within 180 days. The top court in September halted proceedings against power, sugar and shipping companies after they challenged the RBI’s rules. The power sector was among the hardest hit with the government identifying as stressed 34 plants with outstanding debt of about 1.8 trillion rupees. If the RBI directive is upheld many of these would immediately be pushed into insolvency court with lenders forced to dial-up provisions. The Supreme Court has said the case will be on top of its agenda for Wednesday and a judgment is expected once arguments conclude over the next few weeks. Of the 34 plants identified as stressed, only a few units - including JP Power’s Prayagraj unit - are anywhere close to resolution, people familiar with the matter said. Banks could face a 75 per cent loss ratio on their lending to these stressed companies which are on brink of bankruptcy.
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OPERATIONAL CREDITORS WITH OVER RS 1 CR DUES FROM ESSAR STEEL APPEAL TO ARCELORMITTAL FOR PAYMENT

A forum of operational creditors with over Rs 1 crore in admitted dues from Essar Steel has appealed to ArcelorMittal which is in the process of acquiring the debt-ridden company, to pay their dues as well. The NCLT Ahmedabad has been directed by NCALT to conclude the process by March 8. ArcelorMittal's resolution proposal also includes an additional Rs 8,000-crore of capital injection into the company to improve operational efficiencies, increase production and deliver enhanced levels of profitability. In its appeal, a forum of operational creditors with over Rs 1 crore of dues, said it is unfair that ArcelorMittal is not paying a penny to such creditors Our appeal is that ArcelorMittal may graciously and voluntarily modify their offer a bit and pay us also if not in one go at least in installments, over the next 12 months, the forum said. Noting that the buyer is paying in full those operational creditors with less than Rs 1 crore dues, the forum said it's extremely discriminating and wholly arbitrary. The operational creditors with over Rs 1 crore dues are being singled out as if they are being punished. What crime have we committed?
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HOTEL LEELAVENTURE REPORTS THAT RIL MAY BUY STAKE

The company said it is evaluating various options for investment in the company or for sale of company’s assets. There is no binding contract with any investor as on date either for investment in the company or for sale of company’s assets, Hotel Leelaventure said. JM Financial Asset Reconstruction Company Limited (JMARC) has filed an application with National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT) against Hotel Leelaventure, under section 7 of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016. Reliance Industrial Investments and Holdings Limited, a wholly-owned subsidiary of RIL, holds 18.53 per cent stake in EIH, which operates Oberoi and Trident Hotel brands.
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AUDIT REPORT GIVES CLEAN CHIT TO DHFL ON COBRAPOST ALLEGATIONS

While giving a clean chit to Dewan Housing Finance Corporation Ltd (DHFL) on news portal CobraPost's allegations that it promoted shell companies that were borrowers, perpetrated tax fraud, and promoters concealed their shareholding and resorted to insider trading, an independent audit firm has raised several red flags including significantly inadequate monitoring in respect of 15 large borrowers and certain instances of deviations and non-adherence to the terms of sanction of loans.;The independent auditor's report on the allegations by news portal CobraPost against DHFL has concluded that it has neither sanctioned/disbursed loans to 40 entities aggregating Rs 10,304 crore nor promoted any of the alleged 26 shell companies that are borrowers. T.P Ostwal & Associates LLP's examination of the allegations, however, has indicated significantly inadequate monitoring in respect of 15 borrower accounts (loans aggregating Rs 7,385 crore), highlighted that composition of the finance committee suggests that promoter-directors can be said to have significant influence on sanctioning loans over Rs 200 crore; and records indicating that the risk management committee did not undertake ongoing monitoring of compliance with the regulatory exposure ceiling. The audit firm, in its report which was placed before DHFL's audit committee on Wednesday, observed that no loans were sanctioned/ disbursed by DHFL during the review period (April 2015 to December 2018) to the 40 entities (aggregating Rs 10,304 crore) referred to by CobraPost. In the case of 4 entities, project loans disbursed (aggregating Rs 2,365 crore against the newsportal's figure of Rs 2,211 crore) have been repaid up to December-end 2018. Underscoring that a major portion of the allegations pertain to loans extended to entities that are undertaking Slum Rehabilitation Authority (SRA) projects, the firm said DHFL sanctioned loans to 15 SRA projects aggregating Rs 7,485 crore (CobraPost's said this number was Rs 7,525 crore). Loans sanctioned for other projects was Rs 3,475 crore (Rs 3,997 crore). The audit firm said the company has not promoted any of the alleged 26 shell companies that are borrowers. Further, it does not have any directors in common including members from the promoter group, with any of these alleged shell companies and the company or promoters do not have any shareholding in these entities, nor are these entities shareholders of the company. Accordingly, there are no indications to confirm the allegations that the company has created shell companies to divert funds the report added. We were unable to find evidence to support the allegations that the promoters have concealed shareholding in the company neither did we find any evidence to support the allegation of insider trading, said the report. The firm said certain lapses and departures from the SOPs (standard operating procedures) and policies laid by the company have been identified. These lapses, point to deficiency in the adherence with the policies in several instances - the risk of which needs to be examined by the company, it added. The report elaborated, Though the company is required to monitor post disbursal end use of funds by the borrowers, our examination indicates the monitoring in respect of 15 borrowers (loans amounting to Rs 7,485 crores) is significantly inadequate. The records do not indicate that the Risk Management Committee undertook ongoing monitoring of compliance with exposure ceilings prescribed by the regulator. However, compliance with prudential norms for exposure is tested at the time of sanction of loans by the operational teams. Referring to the composition of the Finance Committee (consisting of Kapil Wadhawan & Dheeraj Wadhawan -- both promoter-directors, and one independent director) which sanctions loans that exceed Rs 200 crores, the report observed that the promoter-directors can be said to have significant influence in the loan sanction process for loans exceeding Rs 200 crores. In absence of any evidence to suggest influence, we believe that their decisions are within the framework of the provisions of the Companies Act, 2013 and National Housing Bank (NHB). It should also be noted that the minutes of the Finance Committee's meetings are placed before the Board in subsequent meeting, for taking on record, the firm said. The report observed that there are certain instances of deviations and non-adherence to the terms of sanction of loans having major risk implications, especially in relation to post-sanction monitoring of fund use by borrowers. As such, non-compliances with the terms of the borrowing and possible diversion of funds, if any, by the borrowers would have escaped attention of the Company, it added. There are also adverse implications resulting into invalidity of the charges created on assets of 4 borrowers (loans amounting to Rs 2000 crores) due to non-registration of such charges. Under the provisions of the Companies Act, 2013, such delayed registration of charges is not possible, the firm said. Pertaining to allegations in respect of loans worth Rs 14,282 crores to 45 borrower-companies that are alleged to be part of Sahana group and/ or Wadhawan group, the firm did not find merit in these allegations Further, loans were disbursed during the firm's review period to only 10 entities of the alleged 45 entities amounting to Rs 4,715 crores, of which Rs 1,640 crores have been repaid by the borrowers up to December-end 2018. No loans were given to any of the other 35 entities during the period of review, it added. The firm found the allegation of political considerations in connection with certain lending to be baseless and without merit - there was no nexus between loans sanctioned and timing of the elections. All of such loans were, in fact, not sanctioned before or during either the Gujarat (December 2017) or Karnataka (May 2018) state elections. The firm did not find evidence to corroborate or support allegations of tax fraud perpetrated by the Company or violations of various other statutes (Income-tax Act, 1961, Companies Act, 2013, FEMA,2019, etc.) - prima facie also; it can be concluded that the Company could not have been party to such frauds since there was no role for the Company to play in the perpetration of any such fraud, it added. The Company has sanctioned and disbursed loans aggregating to Rs. 2,000 crore to Notion Real Estate Private Limited, Earleen Real Estate Developers Private Limited, Prashul Real Estate Private Limited, Edweena Real EstatePrivate Limited as project loans for SRA development. Further, the firm's examination of available financial statements of Darshan Developers indicates that the shareholding has indeed undergone a change during the period of our review and it is highly probable that certain amounts lent to the four companies may have been used to purchase shares of Darshan Developers aggregating to Rs 1,424.16 crore from Kyta Advisors and other instruments worth Rs 299.28 crore (total Rs 1,723.44 crore).
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SHELL-SHOCKED: COMPANIES CUTTING DEALS TO LAUNDER MONEY FACE SUPREME COURT HEAT

The Supreme Court has dealt a blow to companies which cut dubious deals with shell firms to launder money and escape tax Over decades, businesses have perfected the art of transferring cash to paper firms which invest or lend the funds back into the companies to legitimise the latter’s ‘black’, or undisclosed, money According to a recent ruling by SC, if the taxman can back up its claim with sufficient investigation and the company receiving funds as share capital fails to prove the genuineness of the deal and creditworthiness of the investor, the company will have to pay tax on the amount The ruling, issued on Tuesday, relates to a dispute between the income tax (I-T) department and NRA Iron & Steel Pvt Ltd, a Delhi-based company that had issued shares to 19 entities which either gave incorrect address, or failed to justify their investments, or did not respond to the tax department’s queries. The verdict may open the floodgates to litigations on the issue of testing creditworthiness for share capital, said Dilip Lakhani. It would apply to other cases with similar facts. Significantly, the amendment to Section 68 dealing with share capital became effective from assessment year (AY) 2013 -14 while the present case pertains to AY 2008-09, said Lakhani. According to Rajesh H Gandhi, The fact that all appellate authorities up to high court ruled in favour of the taxpayer makes the ruling more interesting. It could be used by tax authorities to probe deeper into share issue deals — more so, with wider powers now available under the amended Section 68 of the I-T Act. The upshot of the verdict is that PAN of investors, proof of address, tax returns, and routing investment through a bank may not be sufficient to authenticate a transaction and demonstrate investors’ creditworthiness. Indeed, in this case, the assessee, NRA Iron, had produced such information that satisfied the tax tribunal and even the HC which dismissed the tax department’s appeal. However, the Supreme Court upheld the taxman’s appeal as extensive probe carried out by the I-T department put several question marks on the investor firms (based in Kolkata, Guwahati and Mumbai) which subscribed to NRA Iron shares. In her ruling, Justice Indu Malhotra said, The lower appellate authorities appear to have ignored the detailed findings of the AO (tax assessing officer) from the field enquiry and investigations carried out by his office. The practice of conversion of unaccounted money through the cloak of share capital/ premium must be subjected to careful scrutiny. This would be particularly so in the case of private placement of shares, where a higher onus is required to be placed on the assessee since the information is within the personal knowledge of the assessee, said the apex court. The ruling, however, would not directly influence the ongoing disputes between many startup companies and the tax department which has invoked another section of the I-T Act to question the disparity between stock subscription price and the fair value of startups. For startups, the main issue relates to whether the share premium is ‘excessive’, which is taxable under Section 56(2)(viib). While there is some overlap between these two sections, this judgment by the Supreme Court should not per se have an adverse effect on startups receiving genuine angel investments, said Sanjay Sanghvi, partner at the law firm Khaitan & Co. Here, the taxman won the day as the investee company could neither prove the creditworthiness of its investors and genuineness of share premium nor counter the findings of the tax department. Earlier, the burden on proof was largely on the company issuing shares. Since AY 2013-14, Section 68 was amended and investors are required to convince the assessing officer. In this particular case, no one represented the assessee in the SC. Also, no one pointed out before the court that the investors’ responsibility to prove to the satisfaction of the AO became effective only in 2013-14, said Lakhani.
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BAD ASSETS AND BANKRUPTCY CODE: LENDERS RECOVER ALMOST HALF OF RS 1.43-LAKH CRORE DEFAULTING ADVANCES

Lenders have recovered about half the defaulting advances of Rs 1.43 lakh crore stuck in 82 cases that have been resolved so far in the past two years, signalling that the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC) has become increasingly effective in extricating funds from bad assets. IBC has successfully injected an element of fear into truant promoters, said Manoj Kumar. IBC is yielding results, but it is still evolving and improving Now, we should focus more on cutting down extra time being taken due to excessive litigation. Still, 275 cases have gone beyond the stipulated six-month period, show data compiled by Corporate Professionals, a Delhi-based company engaged in insolvencies. Out of top 12 bad loan cases, three have been resolved. The law came into effect in December, 2016. The National Company Law Tribunal, the dedicated bankruptcy mechanism, has admitted 1,627 cases until February. More than a fifth of these cases have gone for liquidation, while the rest are either under insolvency resolution process or resolved.
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IBC IS NEITHER EXPEDIENT NOR APPROPRIATE IN THE INDIAN CONTEXT

Law is incoherent without appreciating the realities of life in the society and cannot be alienated from societal habits. If a dissociation is deemed pertinent then the most non-destructive manner of departure should be applied. A systemic change brought out abruptly, therefore, only sinks the objective. In the Indian context, the non-performing asset (NPA) quandary would have been substantially different in the absence of public ownership of lenders, absence of responsibility/performance de-linked matrix for credit disbursal and control, and the government playing bankers to businesses. This being the fountainhead of the massive NPAs in our system, attributing it solely to a failed promoter, is an outcome of a convoluted and contrived logic. The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC) in its present form was never a cure for this problem. It has only caused acute distress and discomfort among Indian promoters. The constantly looming threat of losing the ownership and, thereby the entire promoter capital in an uncontrolled quick span, does not provide an environment conducive to sustained entrepreneurship. India’s high cost of capital, seasonality of large businesses, severe government interference and control, and other unique complexities are compounded by this additional hazard. In IBC, there exists a (singular) nemesis, the failed promoter; and a sheep to be saved, the corporate debtor; and an Emmanuel in the creditor. The environment prior to IBC was sympathetic to the nemesis. According to IBC, a default of 10 and 90 days in satisfying an operational or financial creditor, respectively, debars this nemesis from shearing the sheep (read resolution process). He is cast out. Now, this Emmanuel, incompetent to run his own house, wholly remiss in credit sanctions and management, which in the first place fattened the sheep to immobility, appoints a resolution professional, who doesn’t know a sheep from a goat, to assist in shearing. In this process, the promoter dies first and then the sheep, which by now is scrawny. Society, in reference, is the society in context and the context of it, therefore, is not be imported. Comparative assessments like a quick resolution in London or Singapore contrasted in our context—as observed by the justices in the Swiss Ribbons (supra) case, are simplistic. Social and corporate life are an output of habituated acts produced by norms of personal and environmental forces rather than conscious practice of law. Indian entrepreneurship is a unique and complex space. There is no measured design. Comparing it with the space in London and Singapore does disservice to the thought and practice. In India, an entrepreneur is rarely distinct from their corporate establishment. The latter does not survive without the former. Our problems are different. We cannot do with an imported solution, or even a customized one. We need an entirely new solution. IBC was neither expedient nor appropriate in the Indian context If mere resolution of disputes were the solitary aim and objective of the IBC, then there is reasonable success, whereas if its preamble had any guiding relevance, then objectives are missed by far and, in the circumstances ensuing, will possibly never be met. Benjamin N. Cardozo, the best of American judges, held way back that the life of the law has not been logic: It has been experience. IBC will only hasten the cold demise of entrepreneurship and promotership in India.
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INSOLVENCY PROCESS: JAYPEE INFRA SUITORS’ PLANS FACTOR IN RS 750 CRORE WITH NCLT

Resolution applicants for Jaypee Infratech — state-run NBCC and Sudhir Valia-promoted Suraksha ARC — have factored in their respective resolution plans the Rs 750 crore deposited by the insolvent developer’s parent firm, which is lying with the National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT) as per the Supreme Court directive. While Suraksha intends to utilise the fund for construction of the unfinished housing units, NBCC wants to utlise it for payment as penalty to the homebuyers on account of delaying the hand-overs. Though not clearly objecting to their proposals, in the last meeting of the committee of creditors (CoC), Cyril Amarchand Mangaldas, the law firm advising the lenders suggested that the two should spell out an alternate resolution plan without factoring in the amount of Rs 750 crore. The Supreme Court in November 2017 had asked Jaiprakash Associates (JAL), JIL’s parent company, to deposit Rs 2,000 crore in instalments so as to cover part of its subsidiary JIL’s liability towards 30,000 homebuyers. Till May last year, JAL had deposited only Rs 750 crore with the SC registry, which was transferred subsequently to the NCLT. In relation to 858 acres that was mortgaged for loans by JAL, both the applicants opined that it should vest with JIL. However, the law firm said, This cannot be a condition or an assumption for the implementation of the resolution plan. Separately, in its resolution plan, NBCC has said statutory liabilities, including I-T, GST and stamp duty, which could arise in the future on account of transfer of land shall be borne by the secured financial creditors. Suraksha also suggested that the liabilities should be borne by the lenders. However, the legal advisor observed that the responsibility and liability for GST, I-T and stamp duty should be with the resolution applicant/JIL and not to the account of the secured financial creditors.
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NTPC TO ACQUIRE STRESSED ASSETS UNDER INSOLVENCY IN NCLT TO MAKE BETTER DEALS

NTPC, the country’s largest power utility, plans to acquire only those stressed power projects undergoing insolvency proceedings in the National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT) to grab better deals. NTPC has decided to go slow on expansion of its capacity addition through acquisition of stressed power assets. The company is now looking at only those projects which would go under hammer as part of the insolvency process, a source told.
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ANIL AMBANI-LED RELIANCE CAPITAL TO CUT DEBT BY RS 10,000 TO 12,000 CRORE SOON

The Anil Ambani-led Reliance Capital Ltd on Thursday said it will reduce its debt by approximately Rs 10,000 to 12,000 crore in the next three-four months by monetising its stakes in group companies and non-core investments. In a statement issued here, the company said this substantial 50-60 per cent reduction in its debt will be achieved through monetising its 43 per cent stake in Reliance Nippon Life Asset Management (RNAM) and 49 per cent stake in Reliance General Insurance Company Ltd, along with several non-core investments. The completion of these transactions would be a major step forward in Reliance Capital's deleveraging strategy, it said. Reliance Capital said its 43 per cent stake in RNAM is currently valued at over Rs 5,000 crore and the sale of controlling interests will be at a significant premium to the market. The Reliance General Insurance has filed its draft red herring prospectus for an initial public offer with the Securities and Exchange Board of India (Sebi).
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INSOLVENCY AND BANKRUPTCY BOARD OF INDIA SIGNS A COOPERATION AGREEMENT WITH THE INTERNATIONAL FINANCE CORPORATION

The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India (IBBI) signed a Cooperation Agreement with the International Finance Corporation (IFC), a Member of the World Bank Group (WBG). The IBBI is interested in the effective implementation of the Code and its Allied Rules and Regulations. The IFC is interested to assist the IBBI to further build the capacity of the Insolvency Professionals, and Insolvency Professional Agencies for the purposes of the Code. The Cooperation Agreement envisages technical assistance up to 30th June, 2021 by the IFC to IBBI in this regard. It inter alia covers assistance in

(a) Workshops and Training for Insolvency Professionals and Officers of the IBBI;
(b) Train the Trainers for Workshops for Insolvency Professionals,
(c) Development of National Insolvency Programme,
(d) Insolvency and Valuation Examinations.
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IL&FS FALLOUT: MORE COMPANIES IN ‘RATING WATCH’

Credit rating firms have put more companies under ‘rating watch’ in the past one year than in the last 12 years following loan defaults by the IL&FS Group that has heightened concerns over the health of indebted companies. The total worth of corporate bonds under ratings watch has touched Rs 10 lakh crore in FY19 and now constitutes nearly 10 per cent of the total corporate debt, according to data compiled from the Securities and Exchange Board of India (Sebi), which is available since 2007-08. In 2017-18, corporate bonds worth Rs 2 lakh crore were put under ratings watch. Ratings watch is used by the rating agencies when there is an unanticipated event in a company whose credit implications are either unclear or not fully ascertainable. Events that prompt a CRA to place any paper under ratings watch include sudden regulatory developments, change in the ownership control or a significant corporate action like merger or demerger. The action is meant to be for short-term purposes and once the event happens, the paper is either upgraded or downgraded based on the outcome. A bulk of this rating action was taken during December 2018 as credit rating firms went on a defensive post the IL&FS fallout. Facing the heat from both regulators and investors for IL&FS, rating agencies started placing debt papers with any credible risks under ratings watch, say market participants. There is increased activism post the IL&FS issue, says Mahendra Jajoo, chief investment officer (Fixed Income), Mirae Asset Management. Sectors like NBFC, real estate and construction have been under tremendous pressure and hence a lot of companies are under watch. Post the crisis, rating agencies are in no mood to listen and have started taking action.
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NOT ALL ‘SELF-TRADES’ ARE MANIPULATIVE: TRIBUNAL TO SEBI

The Securities Appellate Tribunal (SAT) has reiterated that not all ‘self-trades’ are manipulative SAT has said that manipulation should be backed by an intent whereas self trades may occur inadvertently. In a recent order in the matter involving Crosseas Capital, a large algo trader, SAT directed SEBI to take a relook at its 2015 order where it found that the volume of transaction in ‘self trades’ was incorrectly calculated by SEBI’s assessing officer (AO). Cases involving trade orders worth several crores have been classified as ‘self-trade’ and are under SEBI scanner. SEBI had imposed a heavy penalty on Crosseas Capital for large number of ‘self trades’ executed at the brokers end in 2011 during trading in a newly-listed company shares. SAT also went into the arguments to see what self-trade exactly means or if such trades can lead to manipulation. SAT observed that self-trades placed through algo trading software using different terminals through the same broker, may get matched accidentally without any manipulative intention. As such, mere occurrence of self-trades may be accidental but still would attract the provisions of prevention of fraudulent and unfair trade practices if any additional material, evidence or circumstances are available to indicate manipulation of the price or volume of the scrip or creation of false or misleading appearance of trading in securities market resulting from such self-trades. SAT referred to an earlier court order involving a trader where manipulation was established on the basis of intention. SAT also quoted SEBI’s own 2017 circular where the regulator had argued that all self-trades should not be considered illegal in the absence of any other additional evidence to prove manipulation or intent to defraud as is done in cases of synchronised trades. Therefore, in all matters of self-trade, an assessment has to be made regarding whether the said trade was intentional or unintentional on the basis of supporting evidence and the manipulation caused by indulging in self-trades should be clearly brought out. On March 11, 2011, Sudar Industries got listed and its price price rose by 47 per cent that led to SEBI investigation. The regulator issued a show-cause notice in 2015 and imposed a penalty of 1.1 crore on the broker. SEBI assessing officer found that total market volume constituted by the appellant in the scrip by way of self-trades was around 4 per cent and took the total market volume into consideration to be substantial creating misleading appearance of trading with the intention of misleading the market. The lawyers for the broker argued that the finding given by the AO that the appellant had self-traded around 4 per cent of the total market volume in the SIL scrip was factually incorrect. It was urged that the total percentage of self-trades was only 1.95 per cent of the total market. The AO has considered other aspects and found that the execution of self-trades by the appellant was manipulative But SAT citied various instances and orders to state that manipulation could only be established if there was an intent to do so.
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DEBATE RAGES OVER SEBI’S ‘NOT FIT & PROPER’ ORDER ON COMMODITY PLAYERS IN NSEL SCAM

Commodity arms of leading brokerage houses were declared ‘not fit and proper’ by SEBI last week for their role in the NSEL scam, but the fact that similar strictures were not passed by the regulator against key management persons responsible for the company’s action has raised eyebrows. A company on its own may not be ‘dishonest’ or carry adverse reputation but it is the responsibility of the key management or board that needs to be assessed especially when they are part of another company handling client money in capital market, experts told. In the past, when SEBI declared entities ‘not fit and proper’ in high-profile cases involving Sahara India and Financial Technologies, the regulator further studied the role of its management and board to accord them a similar tag, securities lawyers said. Sahara’s billionaire promoter Subrata Roy was called the ‘mastermind’ for raising 24,000 crore from investors and was forced to exit mutual fund business. Recently, the commodity arms of Anand Rathi, Motilal Oswal, IIFL Geofin Comtrade and Philip Capital were declared unfit. The SEBI order was mainly based on observations against the brokers by court, serious fraud investigation office and police. Legal experts say, SEBI should go into details of allegations to hold individuals responsible too as it did in the past. Ideally, SEBI may determine the role of people at the helm of the entity that was declared unfit and ensure that those responsible disassociate themselves from management of other regulated entities, too. Fit and proper cases also take into account ‘general reputation’ of individuals associated with the company declared ‘unfit’. At least in big scams this should be looked at but the regulator has (its) own discretion, said Tejesh Chitlangi. Schedule II of Intermediaries Regulations under SEBI Act specifies ‘fit and proper’ criteria for entities. Among other things, it specifies integrity, reputation and character as key for being ‘fit and proper’. In October 2018, the Bombay High Court said, Perusal of the Regulation 7 read with Schedule II would reveal that while making an inquiry to find as to whether the applicant is fit and proper person the board (SEBI) is entitled to conduct an inquiry not only about the applicant intermediary, but also its principal officer, director, promoter and the key management persons, with regard to their integrity, character, absence of conviction and restraint orders, competence including financial solvency and net worth, absence of categorisation as a wilful defaulter. The court made these observations while presiding over an application by brokerage IIFL relating to the NSEL matter. Anticipating adverse SEBI orders, most large brokers had themselves applied to cancel their commodity registration certificate, making SEBI’s current order redundant, experts said. Be it RBI, SEBI or IRDA, it is important for any regulator in a ‘fit and proper’ case to check on individuals who could be directly responsible for the working of companies, said Sanjay Asher.
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NATIONAL CENTRE FOR GOOD GOVERNANCE (NCGG) AND INDIAN INSTITUTE OF CORPORATE AFFAIRS (IICA) SIGN AN MOU

The National Centre for Good Governance (NCGG) and Indian Institute of Corporate Affairs (IICA) have signed an MoU Shri K. V. Eapen briefed the objective of the MoU that IICA will support NCGG for utilization of infrastructure facilities during the training programme of NCGG at Delhi and for academic & intellectual interactions for 5 years. It aims to promote good governance through Capacity Building on Public Policy and Governance both at National and International Level and carrying out studies/ action research on issues relating to governance.
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NELCO GETS IN-FLIGHT, MARITIME CONNECTIVITY LICENCE FROM DOT

Tatanet Services Ltd (TNSL), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Nelco Limited (NELCO), has won a licence from the Department of Telecommunications (DoT) to provide in-flight and maritime connectivity (IFMC) services. The company is in talks with Department of Space (DoS) and ISRO to further augment its satellite infrastructure to offer high quality IFMC services. This licence (authorization) was granted under the flight & maritime connectivity rules 2018, announced by the Central Government, the company said in a statement. The licence for IFMC services will now make it possible for people to access high-quality broadband Internet services and make voice calls while flying in Indian airspace and sailing in Indian waters, in the same manner that they do while at home or office, said P J Nath.
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‘INDIA LOST $18.5 B DUE TO DIGITAL BLACKMARKETS’

Even as the India economy looks set for a leap with the government’s ‘Digital India’ vision, losses due to the digital black or ‘darknet’ markets is only likely to grow a foreign policy think-tank says. Digital black markets operate via darknets and are involved in illegal sale of drugs, cyber-arms, weapons, counterfeit currency, stolen credit card details, forged documents, unlicensed pharmaceuticals, steroids and other illicit goods including child pornography. According to a report by Gateway House, India suffered an economic loss of $18.5 billion in 2017 due to business on the digital black markets, a four-fold increase from $4.2 billion in 2014. While the think-tank is currently collating the statistics for 2018, the biggest question of the hour is how to clamp down on such darknet markets.
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JET AIRWAYS ASSURES STAFF OF RESOLVING CRISIS IN 30 DAYS

Jet Airways (India) Ltd executives on Tuesday assured ground staff that the airline will resolve its crisis in a month a senior official of its workers’ union said. We got news that about 43 aircraft of Jet Airways are grounded.
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‘AIRLINES TO HIRE 1.9 LAKH BY 2028’

Notwithstanding the financial issues faced by Jet Airways and Air India, Indian carriers will require an additional 1.09 lakh employees in the next nine years, including 14,000 pilots, to support their growth plans, aviation consulting and research firm Centre for Asia Pacific Aviation (CAPA) India said in its projections. From now till FY2028, airline companies would require an additional 50,411 administrative staff while additional 22,706 maintenance engineers would be needed. CAPA had estimated that airlines would hire an additional 16,722 cabin crew. General aviation would also require an additional 1,292 engineers, 1,415 pilots and 2,711 administrative and management staff. Besides this Indian airports, airport-based service providers and air navigation operations would require an additional 1,47,000 employees by 2028, CAPA India said. A total of 17,000 more pilots need to be hired considering the attrition rate of 3 to 5% (3,446 pilots) to West Asia and on medical reasons. At most, Indian carriers, pilots are flying at best 660-720 hours per annum but the average is 591 hours out of a maximum limit of 1,000, CAPA India said.
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WALMART EXPECTED REGULATORY CHANGES, BUT DISAPPOINTED IT HAPPENED QUICKLY: BRETT BIGGS, CFO

Walmart chief financial officer Brett Biggs said it anticipated regulatory changes in India but was disappointed it happened so quickly referring to the foreign direct investment (FDI) norms in ecommerce that changed last month. We will have legislation changes, we know that and you work your way through it. It is disappointing that you have a law like that changed that quickly, but we have made the adjustments and we are moving forward, said Briggs at Raymond James. When you make investment in India, note things are going to change. We knew that going into an investment and you have just got to work their way through.
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BENGALURU HAS 98 ULTRA HIGH NET WORTH INDIVIDUALS IN 2018

Bengaluru had 98 Ultra High Net Worth Individuals (UHWNIs) in 2018. The 13th edition of The Wealth Report2019 forecast said Bengaluru is expected to see UHWNIs growth of 40 per cent in the next 5 years. Leading this table is Bengaluru, which is expected to see a UHWNIs growth of 40 per cent in the next five years and is followed by Hangzhaou 732 UHWNIs, growth of 34 per cent. Stockholm 559 UHWNIs, growth 23 per cent. Cambridge 68 UHWNIs, growth 19 per cent and Boston 426 UHWNIs, growth 15 per cent. Bengaluru which is the home to companies which includes Flipkart, Infosys and Wipro, and over 400 multinationals including Microsoft, Hitachi and Samsung have bases. Shishir Baijal, said Bengaluru is the first amongst five eye-catching ‘cities of the future’ based on their future economic potential. This growth backed by its intrinsic potential arising from strong economic fundamentals, will also attract investments both from domestic as well as institutional sources.
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BILLIONAIRE BABA: PATANJALI’S ACHARYA BALKRISHNA AMONG FORBES’ BILLIONAIRE LIST

While India is a land of curious happenings and with babas historically known for conducting miracles, Patanjali’s Acharya Balkrishna has managed to pull another marvel by featuring in Forbes’ billionaires’ list. Ranking 365 on the list, he shares the feat with none other than Mukesh Ambani, who leapt six spots to become earth’s 13th wealthiest man. Acharya Balakrishna also became India’s 15th richest man in 2018, outranking Bajaj fame Rahul Bajaj, DLF group’s Kushal Pal Singh and Nirma’s Karsanbhai Patel. With real-time worth at $4.8 billion and net worth around $5 billion ($4.9 billion), Acharya Balkrishna manages the operations of Patanjali Ayurved. He also owns 98.6% of Patanjali Ayurved which he had founded with Baba Ramdev. Currently, Patanjali Ayurved generates annual revenue of $1.6 billion, Forbes said in its report. It added that Patanjali has inked pacts with e-commerce giants such as Amazon and Flipkart to swell its sales. Wipro’s Azim Premji is the second richest Indian after Mukesh Ambani, with a net worth at $22.6 billion, and is 36th richest man on the globe. Following him is Shiv Nadar, the IT pioneer after whose name Shiv Nadar Foundation is established. He ranked 86th on the list with a total worth of $14.6 billion. Also on the list are Lakshmi Mittal (Rank 96, $13.6 billion worth), Uday Kotak (rank 114, $11.8 billion), and Kumar Mangalam Birla (rank 122, $11.1 billion), among others. Cyrus Poonawalla, Gautam Adani, Dilip Shanghvi, Sunil Bharti Mittal and Savitri Jindal also made it to the 25 richest Indians list. Meanwhile, Amazon fame Jeff Bezos and Microsoft’s Bill Gates continue to be on the top two spots, followed by Warren Buffet. Facebook’s Mark Zuckerberg bagged the 8th spot on the list. Mukesh Ambani is the only Indian to feature in the top 20 billionaires.
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INTERNET USERS IN INDIA TO REACH 627 MILLION IN 2019: REPORT

India's internet users expected to register double digit growth to reach 627 million in 2019, driven by rapid internet growth in rural areas, market research agency Kantar IMRB Wednesday said. Internet usage in the country has exceeded half a billion people for first time, pegged at 566 million driven by rural internet growth and usage. In its ICUBE 2018 report that tracks digital adoption and usage trends in India, it noted that the number of internet users in India has registered an annual growth of 18 percent and is estimated at 566 million as of December 2018, a 40 percent overall internet penetration, it observed. It projected a double digit growth for 2019 and estimates that the number of internet users will reach 627 million by the end of this year. Of the total user base, 87 percent or 493 million Indians, are defined as regular users, having accessed internet in last 30 days. Nearly 293 million active internet users reside in urban India, while there are 200 million active users in rural India, it said. The report found that 97 percent of users use mobile phone as one of the devices to access internet. While internet users grew by 7 percent in urban India, reaching 315 million users in 2018, digital adoption is now being propelled by rural India, registering a 35 percent growth in internet users over the past year. It is now estimated that there are 251 million internet users in rural India and this is expected to reach 290 million by the end of 2019, the report said. Increased availability of bandwidth, cheap data plans and increased awareness driven by government programmes seem to have rapidly bridged the digital gap between urban and rural India. Consequently, the penetration in rural India has increased from 9 per cent in 2015 to 25 percent in 2018, it added. Bihar registered the highest growth in internet users across both urban and rural areas, registering a growth of 35 percent over last year. The report also noted that the internet usage is more gender balanced than ever before with women comprising 42 percent of total internet users. It is fascinating to note that the digital revolution is now sweeping small towns and villages perhaps driven by increased accessibility at affordable data costs. The increase in the usage of digital in rural India, where more than two-thirds of active internet users are now accessing the internet daily to meet their entertainment and communication needs, Media and Digital Hemant Mehta said.
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INDIA HAS CHEAPEST MOBILE DATA IN WORLD: STUDY

India has the cheapest mobile data in the world with 1GB costing just Rs 18.5 (USD 0.26) as compared to global average of about Rs 600. The average price of USD 0.26 for one gigabyte (GB) in India compares to USD 6.66 in the UK and USD 12.37 for the same amount of data in the US, the study, which compared mobile data charges in 230 countries, showed. The global average was USD 8.53 for 1GB. With over 430 million smartphone users, India is the second largest smartphone market in the world after China. Jio has signed on 280 million customers by offering free domestic voice calls, dirt-cheap data services, and virtually free smartphones. Its offering has led to slashing of rates by its competitors as well. Jio has helped Ambani jump six positions on the Forbes World’s Billionaire list to rank 13th in the world. Cable.co.uk said it compared data from 6,313 mobile data plans in 230 countries between October 23 and November 28, 2018 for the study. India is followed by Kyrgyzstan where 1GB data is available for USD 0.27, Kazakstan (USD 0.49) and Ukraine (USD 0.51). Zimbabwe is the most expensive country where average cost of 1GB data comes at an eye-watering USD 75.20.
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AIRTEL'S CAPITAL INFUSION: PROMOTERS TO TAKE PART IN RS 25K-CR RIGHTS ISSUE

Bharti Airtel's board of directors have approved a rights issue to the eligible shareholders for an amount up to Rs 25,000 crore, the company informed stock exchanges on Thursday. This is part of the $4.57 billion capital-infusion plan. Promoters of Bharti Airtel along with Singapore government's investment arm GIC Private Ltd will subscribe to over half of the proposed Rs 32,000 crore rights issue in a bid to infuse funds in the company. The entire rights entitlement of promoter and promoter group of approximately Rs 167,857million (Rs 16,785.7 crore) will be subscribed by them and GIC, Bharti Airtel said in a statement Thursday. Promoter Singapore Telecommunications (Singtel) will subscribe to 170 million shares in the Airtel’s rights issue for a total consideration of Rs 3750 crore, the Singapore-based company said in a separate statement.
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YOUTH INACTIVITY HIGHEST IN INDIA AMONG EMERGING MARKETS: IMF ECONOMIST

Youth inactivity is the highest in India among emerging and developing economies, John Bluedorn said on Wednesday. Youth inactivity is the highest in India compare to emerging and developing economies and it is about in 30 per cent, he said. Bluedorn noted that the key challenges facing youth in emerging economies labour markets include gender gaps, technological change, poor job quality in employment. He also pointed out that emerging and developing economies are less vulnerable than advanced economies from technological changes and automation challenges. A recent data compiled by Mumbai-based CMIE reportedly claimed that the unemployment rate in India rose to 7.2 per cent in Feb 2019.
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INFOSYS WON'T COMPROMISE ON GROWTH MARGINS: CEO SALIL PAREKH

Infosys will not compromise on margins for pushing up revenue growth and its current investment in people and building up digital capabilities will not affect its margins in any form rather make the company future-ready. Salil Parekh said the firm was strengthening its marketing muscle by hiring more number of people as part of its go-to-market strategy apart from adding more locals in key client geographies.
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DARK DAYS AHEAD FOR RUPEE OVER TRADE, LOK SABHA ELECTION JITTERS: POLL

The Indian rupee’s weak start to 2019 is an indication of how it will perform over the coming year, strategists in a Reuters poll said, citing uncertainty ahead of a general election in May and a potential trade conflict with the United States. Last year, the currency tumbled about 10 percent and hit a record low of 74.485 to the dollar in October, marking its worse performance since 2013, driven by a sell-off in emerging markets and a widening fiscal deficit as oil prices rose. While the consensus showed the rupee would not breach that record over the next 12 months, the currency was expected to weaken over 1 percent to 71.28 in 12 months from about 70.50 on Wednesday, according to the poll of 50 currency strategists. Still, in a general upswing for most currencies against the dollar, the rupee recouped some of its 2018 losses last month. But the Indian currency, which is down about 1 percent this year, is forecast to weaken nearly 2 percent by end-May, suggesting upcoming elections are a clear risk. The rupee’s weakness has started kicking back in and will remain in play until the political dust settles, said Prakash Sakpal. We expect a win for the BJP in May, but it will be very difficult for the BJP to get a substantial majority which will complicate a further implementation of necessary reforms, said Hugo Erken. In the medium-term we expect a gradual depreciation of the INR due to a normalization of inflation rates. In case of a loss for the BJP in May, we expect financial market volatility - the INR could potentially spike to 74, the levels that we saw during the Indian rupee crisis last year.
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ON FACEBOOK, BJP TAKES GIANT EARLY LEAD IN AD SPEND

According to data made available by the social media company for the month of February, BJP and its affiliates made up for over 50% of the total spend. Congress and its affiliates came third, behind regional parties. Affiliates in these calculations include individuals from a party, ministers, MPs, MLAs and organisational leaders, and outfits that clearly seek backing for a particular party as well as fan pages on Facebook that do the same. BJP leaders involved in election-related publicity told that social media will account for 20-25% of the party’s total ad spend by the time campaigning is over. BJP and its affiliates spent Rs 2.37 crore in February on Facebook ads Regional parties spent about Rs 19.8 lakh, while Congress and its affiliates spent around Rs 10.6 lakh. Government departments such as MyGov and campaigns like Digital India have spent over 35 lakh on Facebook, the data revealed.
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FUTURE OF COMMUNICATION IS ENCRYPTED, PRIVATE MESSAGING: MARK ZUCKERBERG

Facebook Inc Chief Executive Mark Zuckerberg said on Wednesday the company would encrypt conversations on more of its messaging services and make them compatible, the latest sign that the world's biggest social network sees its future in intimate online chats. Zuckerberg said in a post on his Facebook profile that within a few years direct messaging would dwarf discussion on the traditional, open platform of Facebook's news feed, where public posts can go viral across the world. Working towards implementing end-to-end encryption for all private communications is the right thing to do, Zuckerberg said. He cautioned that details of the plan could change as the company consults experts throughout 2019. The strategy could frustrate law enforcement surveillance efforts as well as lawmakers who have called on Facebook to better moderate user content. It also would limit the company's ability to generate revenue through targeted ads. But Zuckerberg said he could live with those tradeoffs because users want better control of their data while still having easy access to their contacts. Zuckerberg said on Wednesday that significant thought still needs to go into integrating commerce into messaging.
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PARLIAMENTARY PANEL CONCERNED OVER ABILITY OF FACEBOOK TO CHECK MISUSE OF ITS PLATFORM

A parliamentary panel on Wednesday expressed concern over social media giant Facebook's ability to prevent misuse of its platform during elections in India, sources said. Senior official of Facebook appeared before the Parliamentary Standing Committee on Information Technology headed by BJP MP Anurag Thakur and responded to concerns raised by the lawmakers over the possible misuse of social media to influence elections. Facebook has given a commitment to the panel that identity, location and who paid for advertisements during elections will be available on a special web page for users, sources said. According to sources, Facebook told the committee members that it was a hybrid company and failed to clearly answer which regulatory framework apply to their content, advertising and marketing operations in India. The US-based company also admitted it doesn't always get it right regarding content moderation on its platform. One of the source said that the sense of committee members was that despite all the apologies for past mistakes that Facebook has made, it still seems unwilling to be properly scrutinised and transparent. On concerns raised by some members regarding insensitive tweets and public comments by company employees, Joel Kaplan, apologised for remarks made by Facebook employees especially on terrorism and recent Pulwama attacks in Jammu and Kashmir, sources added. All members of the Committee expressed that they are unconvinced that Facebook and its employees are behaving neutrally, they said.
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GOOGLE LAUNCHES ‘BOLO’ APP TO HELP CHILDREN READ HINDI, ENGLISH

Tech giant Google on Wednesday unveiled a new app ‘Bolo’ that aims to help children in primary school learn to read in Hindi and English The free app, which is being launched in India first, uses Google’s speech recognition and text-to-speech technology. The app features an animated character ‘Diya’, who encourages children to read stories aloud and helps if the child is unable to pronounce a word. It also lauds the reader when he/she completes the reading. We have designed the app to work offline, so users need to just download the under 50MB app once and then they have access to close to 100 stories in Hindi and English that the children can read out loud and improve their reading skills, Nitin Kashyap told PTI. Bolo will be available on Google Play Store in India for all smartphones running Android 4.4 (Kit Kat) and higher, he added. Google piloted the ‘Bolo’ app in about 200 villages in Uttar Pradesh and the early results were very encouraging with 64 per cent of children showing an improvement in reading proficiency in just three months, Kashyap said. We are now actively working with a number of non-profit partners to take the app to more people across the country who could benefit from it, he said.





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