IBC REIGNS SUPREME OVER OTHER CIVIL LAWS, SAYS DELHI HIGH
COURT
The Delhi High Court on
Friday upheld the supremacy of Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC) over other
civil laws such as those of contracts and guarantees and said that only the
National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT) or similar adjudicating authorities should
deal with the cases falling under the code If civil courts were to pass any
orders in matters pertaining to IBC, the entire corporate insolvency resolution
process pending before NCLT would be put at naught as non-serious applicants
would submit resolution plans for consideration before the Resolution
Professional (RP) and Committee of Creditors (CoC), and then not abide with it
once it is approved said a single judge bench of Justice Rajiv Sahai Endlaw. This
in turn, would lead to wastage of time which could make resolution of corporate
debtors unfeasible. In such cases, liquidation of the company would be the only
alternative left owing to the time lapsed, the court said. The observations by
the court came while delivering a judgement in a plea moved by Liberty House
Group against State Bank of India (SBI) and others. Liberty House Group had
moved the high court seeking to stop SBI, Barclays Bank and the Resolution
Professional (RP) for Castex Technologies as well as Amtek Auto, Dinkar T.
Venkatasubramanian, from invoking the bank guarantees worth close of Rs 100
crore it had submitted for the two companies. The bank guarantees were
submitted by Liberty House as a pre-condition for bidding for both the
companies under the corporate insolvency resolution process. The company,
however, failed to proceed with the resolution process despite having been
declared the successful bidder in both the cases, following which SBI invoked
the bank guarantee. The bank guarantees, the high court said, was a measure to
induce some fear in such unscrupulous elements, which chose to delay the
corporate insolvency resolution process without any fear of consequences. Now
if this court were to have jurisdiction and to hold either that the terms of
the Process Memorandum or of the Bid Bond Guarantee (BBG) were not binding on
the plaintiff and/or that the plaintiff is not in default thereof, the same
would clearly amount to rendering findings inconsistent with the NCLT Justice
Endlaw said in his judgement. The entire transaction of giving of bank
guarantee by Liberty House and invocation of the same by SBI was in the ambit
of IBC. A decision on the same by any other court would amount to rendering
findings inconsistent with NCLT, the judge said. Earlier, the Chandigarh bench
of NCLT had slammed Liberty House group for failing to go ahead with the
approved resolution plans for Castex Technologies and Amtek Auto. On December
5, the NCLT had, in an order, said that the somersault taken by the Liberty
House put the whole CIR Process and the machinery to quandary. Such an unsavoury
stance of the Liberty House would only attract adverse comments from any fair
minded person particularly when there is no justifiable reason for Liberty
House to drag its feet, the NCLT had said in its order. While rejecting Liberty
House’s plea, the court imposed a cost of Rs 50 lakh on the company and asked
it to pay the same to SBI within four weeks from now.
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MCA WARNS PMO, FINMIN AND RBI OF CREDIT STRESS IN REAL ESTATE
SECTOR
The Ministry of Corporate
Affairs (MCA) has informed the Prime Minister's Office, the Finance Ministry
and the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) that the credit stress in the real estate
sector needs to be watched closely The MCA expressed concerns over the issue
due to the sector's exposure to non-banking finance companies (NBFC) and
housing finance companies (HFC), sources told. It added that the sector is
going through a difficult phase and banks must be vigilant of any default in
the sector, and it must be reported immediately. The ministry wants to avoid
negative events in the sector, which could in turn affect the bourses.
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SHELL COMPANIES: E-FILING DETAILS MUST FOR ALL FIRMS
Continuing with its
crackdown on fly by night and dummy entities through stringent KYC regulations
the government has made it mandatory for over 12 lakh active registered
companies in India to upload all their particulars including details of
registered offices in an e-filing to the government. The Ministry of Corporate
Affairs has notified the Companies (Incorporation) Amendment Rules, 2019, under
which all companies registered before December 31, 2017, are required to file
eForm ACTIVE (Active Company Tagging Identities and Verification)-INC22A on or before
April 25, 2019 Failure to file e-Form ACTIVE will lead to a penalty of Rs
10,000 with companies in default being declared ACTIVE non-compliant. Once a company
is marked as ACTIVE non-compliant it would not be able to make changes to its
capital structure or go ahead with merger or amalgamation deals. Such non-compliant
companies would also not be able to rotate their directors or make changes in
their registered office The rule makes it amply clear that companies have to e-file
all their details so that a proper check is maintained on their operations and
creation of shell companies is prevented, said a government official not
wanting to be identified. According to the new notification for filing of Form
INC22A or ACTIVE, a company must have filed its annual return for the FY18.
However, if a company is struck off or is in process of being struck off or is
under liquidation, Form ACTIVE need not be filed. If ACTIVE is filed on or
after April 20, it can only be done after paying a penalty of Rs 10,000. Only
after this, will the company be declared ACTIVE-compliant. The e-Form will get
all details of a company - its directors, annual filings and a photo (internal
and external) showing one of the directors in its registered office.
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PLEDGED SHARE SALE: MUMBAI HC GIVES A MOUTHFUL TO ANIL AMBANI
FIRM, SAYS PETITION 'SMACKS OF DECEIT'
The Bombay High Court has
rapped the Anil Ambani group company Reliance Power and its management for attempting
to mislead the court by a petition that's smacked of deceit. The sharp words
came from judge KR Shriram of the Bombay High Court while hearing a Rs
2,700-crore defamation suit filed by Reliance Power against financial services
company Edelweiss group for selling its pledged shares earlier this month after
a massive plunge in share value. At the hearing on Thursday, the judge observed
that the entire plea made by Reliance Power smacked of deceit and is an attempt
by them to mislead the court. The Reliance group had argued that the sale of
its pledged shares by Edelweiss' ECL Finance was illegal and must be stopped as
the sale is illegal and void, and sought a compensation of over Rs 2,700 crore
for the fiscal and reputational losses. As per the plea, Reliance and its
sister company Reliance Communications had pledged some shares of various
promoter companies with the Edelweiss group in lieu of a loan. Interestingly,
even though the group had named L&T Finance also for selling pledged shares
in a public statement on February 12, it did not take the company to the court.
Judge Shriram, however, took a strong exception to the above arguments on
reasonable notice both during the hearing and in his detailed order. It is
strange that such an argument is made by the plaintiff. When the contract was
entered into, the plaintiff found one-day notice to be reasonable. Therefore,
the stand taken by plaintiff smacks of deceit and an attempt to mislead the
court, he said. At no point after the occurrence of events of default, did the
plaintiff ask for increasing the notice period or pay the default interest.
They didn't even top up the security ratio, or even tell the defendants
(Edelweiss) how they are going to make good or even reply to the letters from
them. And now you take a mendacious stand that notice period in the contract
was not reasonable, the judge said. The judge also noted that Reliance Power
wasn't an illiterate or a small party when the contract was signed and since it
was a settled principle of law that when a person signs a document s/he is
assumed to have read the terms of such document. Given this, the plaintiff's
arguments on the notice period could not be accepted. I find nothing wrong in
what the defendants (Edelweiss) have done, the judge said and directed
Edelweiss to file its reply and fixed the next hearing on March 22. Edelweiss
is being represented by its counsel Janak Dwarkadas, while Reliance is
represented by Aspi Chinoy.
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RELIGARE FINVEST FILES INSOLVENCY PETITION
The new management of
Religare Finvest has filed an insolvency petition alleging diversion of funds
by erstwhile promoters Malvinder and Shivinder Singh. The National Company Law
Tribunal (NCLT) will hear the petition against a cluster of 19 companies that
are allegedly linked to the brothers said two people with the direct knowledge
of the matter. The companies were used to siphon off loans, they said. Religare
Finvest has claimed Rs 2,257 crore from the former promoters. This comes as the
Singhs appear to be at war with each other. More recently, Malvinder accused
Shivinder, the spiritual head of the Radha Soami Satsang Beas and Godhwani of
criminal conspiracy, cheating and fraud for allegedly siphoning off thousands of
crores from RHC Holdings. Under new management, financials seem to be
improving. Religare Enterprises posted a loss of Rs 10.33 in the December
quarter, down from Rs 45.14 crore a year ago. Total income rose to Rs 12.23
crore from Rs 11.85 crore, it said in a regulatory filing on Tuesday.
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SEBI LEVIES RS 13 LAKH PENALTY FOR FRAUDULENT TRADE AGAINST 2
ENTITIES ON BSE
Sebi Thursday slapped a
total penalty of Rs 13 lakh on two entities for non-genuine trades in illiquid
stock options on the BSE. The regulator observed that the entities deliberately
adopted strategy to enter into reversal trades with same counterparties and
that too at price incurring losses to them. Facts shows that these trades were
executed with precision to match with the same counterparty to create
artificial volume in these contracts, and create misleading appearance of
trading, Securities and Exchange Board of India (Sebi) said. The act of
creating artificial volume, violates the PFUTP (Prohibition of Fraudulent and
Unfair Trade Practices) norms, the regulator said. Accordingly, Sebi imposed a
fine of Rs 8 lakh on Blue Bird Mercantiles and Rs 5 lakh on Bhiragacha Finance.
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SEBI IMPOSES RS 10-LAKH FINE ON LINKHOUSE INDUSTRIES
Sebi on Friday levied a
fine of Rs 10 lakh on real estate firm Linkhouse Industries for failing to
provide relevant information sought by the regulator regarding the change in
promoters' shareholding. During an investigation between June 2004 and December
2008, the regulator observed that the promoters' shareholding in the company
had increased from 70.52 per cent in March 2004 to 77.47 per cent in June 2004.
Following the change in holding pattern, Sebi sought documents from the firm
regarding time, mode and number of shares bought by the acquirers. However, the
noticee failed to submit the information/documents sought by investigating
authority which hampered the investigation, Sebi said in an order. Non-furnishing
of the details hampers the investigation and creates hurdle which is
detrimental to the interest of investors in securities market, which needs to
be dealt strictly, the regulator added.
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NATIONAL OILWELL VARCO PAYS RS 6.8 LAKH TO SETTLE CASE WITH
SEBI
US-based National Oilwell
Varco Inc Friday settled with Sebi a probe for alleged delay in complying with
minimum public shareholding norms in GMM Pfaudler by paying Rs 6.8 lakh as
settlement charges Due to open offer in 2013, the total promoter shareholding
(including National Oilwell) changed to 76.66 per cent in GMM Pfaudler, which
indicated that public holding was not at least 25 per cent as mandated under
minimum public shareholding norms, the regulator said. To bring down the
shareholding to 75 per cent, offer of sale for 1.66 per cent (2,42,472 shares)
was made which was completed in December 2014. It was alleged that shareholding
was not brought down within the stipulated time, hence it was in violation of
SAST (Substantial Acquisition of shares and Takeovers) norms. Following which
the regulator initiated adjudication proceedings against National Oilwell.
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SEBI FINES RS 6 LAKH ON TANEJA AEROSPACE, 2 OTHERS FOR
DISCLOSURE LAPSES
Markets regulator Sebi
Thursday imposed a total fine of Rs 6 lakh on Taneja Aerospace and Aviation Ltd
(TAAL) and two senior company officials for disclosure lapses regarding
acquisition of a wholly-owned subsidiary. Sebi initiated investigation after it
received complaint alleging irregularities in the amalgamation of TAAL with its
wholly owned subsidiary TAAL Technologies Pvt Ltd (TTPL). During the
investigation, the regulator observed that with respect to investment in TTPL,
Taneja Aerospace only disclosed on July 30, 2009 that TTPL has become its
wholly owned subsidiary even when it had acquired 50 per cent shares on two
occasions, March 19 and July 15, 2009. Besides, it also did not disclosed about
its advancement of Rs 9.7 crore in installments to TTPL.
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RBI TO MERGE THREE CATEGORIES OF NBFCS TO CREATE NEW CATEGORY
The Reserve Bank of India
(RBI) on February 22 announced that it will merge three categories of Non
Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) into a new one. According to a release,
NBFCs categorized as Asset Finance Companies (AFC), Loan Companies (LCs) and
Investment Companies (ICs), will be merged into a new category called NBFC -
Investment and Credit Company (NBFC-ICC). On a review, it has been decided that
in order to provide NBFCs with greater operational flexibility, harmonisation
of different categories of NBFCs into fewer ones shall be carried out based on
the principle of regulation by activity rather than regulation by entity, RBI
said in a statement. The release also mentioned that a deposit taking NBFC-ICC
shall invest in unquoted shares of another company which is not a subsidiary
company or a company in the same group of the NBFC, not exceeding twenty percent
of its owned fund.
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BANKS' CONSORTIUM CONSIDERING RS 500 CRORE INTERIM FUNDING TO
JET AIRWAYS, SAYS PNB CHIEF
A consortium of banks is considering
an interim funding of Rs 500 crore for debt-laden Jet Airways but a final
decision is yet to be taken, Sunil Mehta said on Friday. PNB is part of the
lenders' consortium, led by State Bank of India (SBI), that has extended loans
to the airline. The full service carrier is looking to raise funds and
restructure its debt. Regarding Jet Airways, Mehta said the consortium is
looking at the entire process and something is being worked out. Of course,
(the) consortium is in favour (of interim funding). It is a going concern and
we would like to preserve its (airline's) value, he said. About interim funding
for the carrier, Mehta said, it is too premature to tell you about that plan
and the bankers are already working on it. The SBI has taken a lead on it, and
let the entire plan be worked out, he said, adding that it would be too early
to announce the timings.
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BANKS NEED TO USE MORE TECHNOLOGY IN LENDING: CEA
Banks need to use more
technology to screen borrowers and monitor them, a top Finance Ministry
official has said. There is certainly compelling reason for significantly
greater use of technology to strengthen the quality of lending, K. V.
Subramanian, said. Subramanian noted that banks have not been leveraging the
power of technology for enhancing the quality of lending Kumar said there was
need for discussions on how Indian banking sector could be integrated with the
world without losing regulatory control. One also needs to look at the
composition of equity and see if we could go higher in terms of allowing more
foreign ownership. He underscored the need to proceed with the P J Nayak
Committee report recommendations on aspects of governance reforms. Kumar also
stressed the need for steps to bring down the cost of capital which he
described as very high in the country.
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RBI TRANSFERS ARE CRUCIAL FOR FISCAL MANAGEMENT
The payment of an interim
dividend by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) to the government is significant
because it is the second time that this has been done, and that too in
successive years. The surpluses of RBI have hence come to occupy a very
important position in managing the Centre’s fiscal balances. Interestingly, the
surpluses of RBI in the past were not really considered to be important as most
of the so-called profit is notional. But, today, the contribution to the
exchequer is quite critical and the interim dividend manifests this phenomenon.
RBI earns money by virtue of being the custodian of forex reserves and
conducting monetary policy operations. As forex reserves finally reside with
the central bank, they are invested in safe avenues and earn an income.
Similarly, the Government Securities (G-Sec) held by RBI that are used to draw
liquidity out of the system when required for OMOs (sale) earn revenue for the
central bank. Further, when RBI conducts the repo and term repo operations when
liquidity conditions are tight, banks pay them interest at the repo-related
rate. Hence, the central bank runs a very profitable balance sheet as the
liabilities do not quite exist and can be created by a fiat. In the five-year
period 2009-10 to 2013-14, the average surplus was 21,560 crore, with a maximum
of 33,010 crore in FY14. In the period 2014-15 to 2018-19, the average surplus
was 58,622 crore, with the peak being 68,000 crore for FY19. In fact, in three
of the last four years, the surplus was above 60,000 crore, with FY18 being the
exception, when demonetisation came in the way as both income was lower
(surpluses wit.h banks had to be paid the reverse repo rate) and the expenses
were higher. The accompanying graphic gives the ratio of RBI surplus
transferred to the government to gross fiscal deficit. Around 35,000 crore came
in 2017-18 from investments of forex assets; and as interest rates increase in
the West, the Fed bonds and others would provide higher revenue for RBI. The
average return here is still very low at 1.09% for 2017-18, as per the RBI Annual
Report, given the safe investment avenues chosen. Doubling this return would
provide higher revenue, which can be further used to manage the budget deficit.
A thought here is whether or not RBI should get involved in treasury operations
to earn more income on deployment of forex reserves. The dividend is hence paid
in July after the results are out and, therefore, the 2017-18 outcomes get into
the Budget of 2018-19. The interim dividend paid for fiscal 2018-19 would get
reflected in the 2018-19 accounts of RBI, which is for the previous year being
a lagged payment. This can be a useful way of rolling in the transfers too.
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FOREX RESERVES UP $150 MN; HIT $398.3 BN ON RISE IN CURRENCY,
GOLD HOLDINGS
Forex reserves increased
by $150 million to $398.272 billion for the week to February 15 on a rise
currency assets and gold holdings the Reserve Bank said Friday. In the previous
reporting week, the overall reserves had surged by $2.11 billion to $398.122
billion. The foreign currency assets, a major component of the overall
reserves, increased $88.9 million to $371.07 billion for the reporting week,
the RBI said. The value of the gold reserves increased $78.2 million to 22.764
billion, the apex bank said. The special drawing rights with the International
Monetary Fund also came down by $7.8 million to $1.455 billion. Similarly, the
country's reserve position with the Fund also declined by $9.1 million to
$2.982 billion, it said.
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REAL ESTATE MARKET TO GROW FIVE TIMES TO $650 BILLION BY 2040
Indian real estate market
is expected to jump over fivefold to USD 650 billion by 2040 and its share in
the country’s gross domestic product (GDP) is set to double from the current
seven per cent, Rajiv Kumar said Friday. The government is committed not only
to real estate sector but all aspects of it. The government is very conscious
and cognisant of what happening in the sector and how it contributes to the
economy, he said. Kumar said the recent Interim Budget has demonstrated that
the government would take steps to make sure that the real estate sector grow
and develop further so that this industry contributes even more to the economy.
The Centre has offered a lot of tax incentives to developers building
affordable houses and also tax sops to homebuyers looking to purchase second
homes. Highlighting the importance of this sector, the Niti Aayog vice-chairman
said the real estate sector is contributing seven per cent to the country’s GDP
and its share is expected to double by 2040. The current size of the real
estate market is already USD 120 billion dollar and this will grow to USD 650
billion by 2040, he said, adding that the industry employs 55 million people now
and this number will rise to 66 million as it grows. This sector is heart of
the economy. It has backward linkages with 200 other industries, Kumar said. He
also said the real estate sector would contribute more with rapid urbanisation.
Kumar said the two legislations — the goods and services tax and the RERA —
implemented by the government would help in organised growth of this sector. He
asked real estate companies to blend best of Indian culture and best of global
facility and technologies in their future development of properties. Speaking
on the sidelines of the event, Embassy group President (Residential Business)
Reeza Sebastian said there is a good demand for completed housing units in all
categories including luxury homes.
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TRAI MEETS PLAYERS, SAYS NEAR ALL CABLE TV CONSUMERS EITHER
PICK CHANNELS OR PUT ON 'BEST FIT PLAN'
Sector regulator Trai on
Friday said it has been informed by players that almost all cable TV consumers
have either made their channel preferences or been moved to 'best fit plan'
under the new tariff regime. S K Gupta told that according to inputs received
by the regulator from players, in the case of DTH services, about 43 per cent
customers have made their channel preferences known When combined with
statistics for 'best fit plan', this number rises to 57 per cent, Gupta said.
As per inputs provided by DPOs, near 100 per cent consumers of cable TV homes
have been migrated to the new framework either based on options of subscribers or
as per 'best fit plan'. Among DTH service homes, over 43 per cent consumers
have already been migrated, Gupta said. The DTH service providers have
submitted to the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (Trai), which is also
the regulator for broadcasting, that all subscribers of this pre-paid platform
will be migrated to new framework in the next 2-3 weeks.
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TELECOM FIRMS CAN EARN $15 BILLION ADDITIONAL REVENUE IF THEY
BRIDGE ‘GENDER GAP’
Indian women are less likely
to own a mobile phone than their male counterparts revealed a recent survey by
GSMA. While 80% of the Indian male population possess a phone, only 59% of the
female population own it. The same echoes in the internet usage gap as a meagre
16% of the female population is likely to have access to mobile internet as
opposed to 36% of males. For those with the view that the talks about gender
gap are far-fetched, the survey could be an eye-opener. In low and
middle-income countries, the divide translates to 184 million fewer women who
own a mobile phone. Topping that, over 1.2 billion women do not have access to
mobile internet. According to the findings of the survey, if the mobile telecom
companies were to bridge the gap in both the mobile ownership and internet
usage in low and middle-income countries, an additional $15 billion revenue
(approximately) in 12 months could be generated. Among southern Asian
countries, China has set an example as it has zero mobile ownership gender gap.
While India has a considerable 26% ownership divide, Pakistan and Bangladesh
have performed worse than India with 37% and 33% gap respectively. However, it
is intriguing to note that Mozambique and Myanmar performed better in this
survey. The survey also shed some light on the mobile internet user gender gap.
While China has only 1% rift between male users and female users, in India, the
rift is wide at 56%. Pakistan, Mozambique, Bangladesh performed worse than
India, however, countries such as Cote d’Ivoire ranked better.
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VIDEO CONSUMPTION PUSHES DATA TRAFFIC BY 109% IN 2018
Backed by rising video
data consumption on over the top (OTT) players, mobile data traffic in India
grew by 109% in 2018, with 4G alone contributing 92%. Average data usage grew
by 69 % in 2018 to touch 10GB a user per month in December, as per Nokia's
annual mobile broadband India traffic (MBiT) index released on Thursday. OTT
players have gained significantly due to operator tie-ups and aggressive 4G
network expansion, with high consumption on their platforms. WhatsApp and
Instagram are the leading social networking app among subscribers, the report
said. The total number of 4G mobile user stands at 432 million, a jump of 147 %
compared to 2017, as lower data tariffs and affordable devices continued to
boost usage. However, the current broadband penetration in India is around 45%,
which is at a much lower level compared to China at 72%, and other European
nations at around 85-95%. The surge in broadband consumption is likely to
continue in the next few years since the current broadband penetration is just
45% in the country, said Sanjay Malik, said. Video streaming continues to
remain a major contributor to mobile data traffic constituting 70-80% of the
total traffic. Over a 90% fall in 4G data prices over the last five years has
fueled video streaming in the country and the emergence of short format videos
in several social networking apps like Instagram and TikTok has led to deeper
engagement levels. 4G has taken off with dirt cheap data tariffs and free voice
calls offer from Reliance Jio in late 2016, which was matched by competitors.
The disruption shook the market which led to a consolidation phase where three
players – Reliance Jio, Vodafone Idea and Airtel have been left along with a
telecom PSU BSNL/MTNL. Out of the 1 billion mobile users, around 450-500
million are connected to the internet, so the opportunity for players is huge.
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MAKING PROFIT ALONE IS NOT ENOUGH IN TODAY’S WORLD: DELOITTE
GLOBAL CEO PUNIT RENJEN
The digital revolution is
going to be more profound than all the other earlier revolutions and companies
will have to think beyond profitability said Punit Renjen. He went on to say
that the world is changing rapidly modeled by four forces One of them is
populism, and you see this from Britain all the way to Brazil and from
Indonesia to Italy. It is introverted, it is regressive, asserted Renjen. The
other aspects include global regulations which tend to have influence across
jurisdictions. Third is competition, primarily tech enabled. But this
competition is fundamentally disrupting industries and disrupting the way we do
business, he said. Also, he said expectations from a company are now way beyond
making money. Client ad customer expectations are more outcome based,
especially millennial expectations. They expect you to do more than just
generate profit which is consistent with the theme of this conference, he said.
He said that whenever he goes to campuses for hiring one of the first question
that students ask is what does Deloitte does beyond profit. The takeway is that
you have to think beyond your core competency. We have been taught that you
have to stick to your knitting, stick to your core competency. But in Industry
4.0 that is not going to be enough to sustain competitive advantage, said
Renjen, who hails from Rohtak near New Delhi. Going ahead companies will have
to define their purpose. And I am not talking about Corporate Social
Responsibility. I am talking about fundamental defining for your own business,
as what is our reason to exist. Why do you exist as an enterprise? asked
Renjen. He concluded by saying that execution of a strategy is going to be key
for businesses globally. It is a great opportunity for us to do right, to do
good because if we don’t unleash it appropriately some of the issues that
plague us today like income inequality will probably process, he said.
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CRYPTOCURRENCY COMPANIES USE 'BACKDOOR' LISTINGS TO EASE INTO
MAINSTREAM
Several cryptocurrency
exchanges have moved closer to mainstream markets by buying listed companies
looking to raise funds and present themselves as embedded in the traditional
financial services world they once spurned. In the most recent deal, US crypto
broker-dealer Voyager Digital on February 11 achieved a backdoor listing on
Toronto's Venture Exchange after it bought control of mineral exploration firm
UC Resources. Such purchases, also known as reverse mergers, allow companies to
offer shares to the public without the rigours and regulatory scrutiny of a
full initial public offering (IPO). Many (cryptocurrency) exchanges have put a
lot of strategic effort into trying to legitimise their operations and their
reputations, and for some, there's an assumption that having some exposure to
the traditional public market will help said Fei Ding'an. Japan's Financial
Services Agency (FSA) is the only major national regulator so far to have drawn
up a definitive framework to govern digital assets and the platforms where they
are traded. In January, OKC Holdings, a company controlled by Star Xu, the
founder of crypto-exchange OK Coin, bought 60.5 per cent of LEAP Holdings, a
Hong Kong-listed construction firm, for HK$484 million ($61.69 million).
Voyager said its listed shares could help fund growth. Being a public company
enables Voyager to operate with the transparency that the crypto market
deserves from its institutions, Steve Ehrlich said.
#For Source of Information copy and paste the heading in google.
Thanks & Regards,
CS Meetesh Shiroya
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